Modern Logistics: Freight Containers
In this new series, we explain important terms, systems, and technologies in logistics. Today: The freight container.
What are containers?
Containers are standardized, reusable transport containers designed to move goods safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively across different modes of transport such as ships, trains, and trucks. There are various types of containers that differ in size and construction, but the most commonly used type is the ISO container, which is standardized for global use.
What are the advantages of containers?
Containers offer an efficient way to transport goods as they can be easily transferred from one mode of transport to another without the need to unload and reload the goods themselves. This reduces costs, the risk of damage, and the time needed for transport.
How are containers used in logistics?
Containers play a central role in the logistics sector. They are used in almost all areas of freight transport, particularly in international trade. Some of the key areas of application include:
- Sea freight: The majority of global goods transport takes place on ships that carry containers. Containers can be stacked in large quantities on cargo ships, ensuring that space is optimally utilized.
- Rail transport: After sea transport, containers are often loaded onto trains to be transported to inland regions. Rail transport allows containers to be moved efficiently over long distances.
- Road transport: Containers are loaded onto specialized trucks that transport them to their final destination. Road transport is primarily used for shorter distances and distribution within a country or region.
- Air freight: Although containers are less common in air transport, there are special air freight containers used for transportation by aircraft. These are usually smaller and lighter than containers used in sea or land transport.
Since when have containers been used?
The history of containers began in the 1950s when American entrepreneur Malcom McLean had the idea to develop standardized containers that could be used on ships, trains, and trucks. In 1956, the first container ship, the Ideal X, was loaded and departed from the port of Newark, New Jersey. This marked the beginning of a revolution in global trade.
Before the introduction of containers, the transport of goods was very labor-intensive and inefficient. Goods often had to be loaded individually, which required a lot of time and manpower. The introduction of containers greatly simplified the entire transport process. Containers enabled a drastic reduction in handling times at ports and terminals and led to significant cost savings.
In the following decades, container transport spread worldwide. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) introduced standards for container sizes and specifications, further facilitating global trade. Today, the two most common container sizes are the 20-foot container (TEU) and the 40-foot container (FEU).
How will the container sector develop in the future?
Several developments are expected in the future that could further change the use of containers in the logistics industry:
- Automation: Container ports and warehouses are increasingly becoming automated. Robots, autonomous vehicles, and crane systems could make the transport and storage of containers even more efficient. This could also further reduce handling times and lower costs.
- Sustainability: More environmentally friendly materials and technologies will play an increasingly important role in container production and transport. In the future, containers could be made from lighter and recyclable materials to reduce the carbon footprint. Additionally, more eco-friendly propulsion systems for cargo ships and trucks could make container transport more sustainable.
- Digitalization: Digitalization will play a key role in monitoring container movements and optimizing the logistics chain. Connected containers with sensors could monitor real-time data such as location, temperature, humidity, and other parameters. This will be particularly important for temperature-sensitive goods like food or pharmaceuticals.
- Hyperloop and new transport systems: Concepts like the Hyperloop could play a role in freight transport in the future. This could make container transport even faster and more efficient, especially overland.
- Containers with flexible sizes: Innovative designs could allow containers to be more flexible in size, better adapting to the goods being transported and making more efficient use of space.
Overall, the container remains a central element of the global logistics chain, continuously evolving to meet the growing demands of global trade.
Do you have questions about the use of modern freight containers or want to move goods with us? Call us or send us a message. We are happy to provide personal advice.